Computer Ethics for Educators

 
Nature

Rationale:  This factor examines characteristics of the work being used.  It does not refer to attributes of the work that one creates by exercising fair use.  Many characteristics of a work can affect the application of fair use.  For example, several recent court decisions have concluded that the unpublished "nature" of historical correspondence can weigh against fair use.  The courts reasoned that copyright owners should have the right to determine the circumstances of "first publication."  The authorities are split, however, on whether a published work that is currently out of print should receive special treatment.  Courts more readily favor the fair use of nonfiction rather than fiction.  Commercial audiovisual works generally receive less fair use than do printed works.  A consumable workbook will most certainly be subject to less fair use than a printed social science text. 
 

Copyright & Fair Use